Class 11th Biology – 19 Excretory Products and their Elimination MCQs

Hemodialysis – Removal of urea from blood, not removal of urine. Uremia – Malfunctioning of kidneys results in an accumulation of urea in blood. This condition is called uremia. Glomerulonephritis – Inflammation of glomeruli of kidney

Carbon dioxide is not a nitrogenous waste whereas urea, uric acid and ammonia are nitrogenous waste.

The excess amino acids in the body are broken down in liver.

Urea is formed in liver cells from ammonia and carbon dioxide by urea cycle.

Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by an efferent arteriole.

The first step in urine formation is the filtration of blood. This is carried out by the glomerulus. This process is called glomerular filtration.

All the constituents of the plasma except the proteins pass onto the lumen of the Bowman’s capsule.

Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by liver cells.

Reptiles, birds, land snails and insects excrete nitrogenous wastes as uric acid. They excrete uric acid in the form of pellet or paste with a minimum loss of water. This type of animal is called uricotelic animals.

Nephridia are the tubular excretory structures which help in the removal of nitrogenous wastes and maintain a fluid and ionic balance in earthworms and other annelids.

Glomerulus is the tuft of capillaries inside the malpighian body.

An afferent arteriole enters each Bowman's capsule to form the glomerulus. An efferent arteriole arises from the glomerulus.

Heparin is an anticoagulant. During hemodialysis, an anticoagulant like heparin is added to the blood drained from a convenient artery before pumping into a dialysing unit.

Loop of Henle is a U-shaped structure found in nephron which absorbs water. It is connected to the excretory system.

Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for renal failure, whereas heamodialysis and dialysis are the methods used to purify blood.

Renal pelvis is the innermost portion of kidneys. So, collecting ducts are not a part of renal pelvis.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the amount of the filtrate formed by the kidneys per minute. It is not the regulating factor of kidney function. But, kidney functions are efficiently monitored and regulated by hormonal feedback mechanisms. The hormonal feedback mechanisms involve the hypothalamus, Juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) and to a certain extent, the heart.

Mineral corticoids regulates reabsorption of salts from glomerular filtrate.

Ammonia is highly soluble in water and the most toxic excretory product. Thus, it's concentration must be kept very low in the blood.

Flame cells act as the excretory structures in Platyhelminthes. Flame cells are otherwise called as Protonephridia.

Bowman's glands are located in the olfactory epithelium of our nose

The amount of water, urea, glucose salts and amino acid in glomerular filtrate is same as in plasma i.e., it is isotonic with plasma.

Glycosuria is the presence of glucose and ketonuria is the presence of ketone bodies in urine. These are the indicative of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease condition where more of glucose is excreted in urine due to insufficiency of insulin.

The lungs are concerned with respiratory process. They help in taking in oxygen i.e., inspiration and giving out of carbon dioxide i.e., expiration.

Calyces are the best site in the kidney for the study about the medullary pyramids. Kidney has a tough outer layer called capsule. It contains two zones, an outer cortex and an inner medulla. The medulla is divided into a few conical masses called medullary pyramids which project into the calyces. So, calyces are the best site in the kidney for the study of medullary pyramids.

The contractile vacuole mainly expels surplus water in protozoans. The fresh water protozoans gain water by osmosis from their hypotonic environment.

Medullary pyramids cannot enter through the central notch of the kidney called hilum. In the given options, only ureter, blood vessels and nerves can enter the centre of the inner concave surface of the kidney, notch, called hilum, whereas, medullary pyramids are the conical masses of medulla which project into the calyces.

Aves (or birds) do not have urinary bladder. (exceptions- ostrich, rhea). Their urine is semi-solid uric acid. Uric acid goes down to cloaca and is excreted out along with faeces.

Mammals are characterized by metanephric kidney with loop of Henle.