Climate – Notes

Climate of India

In India, the Tropic of Cancer passes through the central part of the country.

India has both tropical and subtropical climates.

Altitude refers to the height above sea level.

The Himalayas influences the climate of the Indian subcontinent by protecting it from the cold air mass of Central Asia.

The climate and related weather conditions in India are controlled by the following atmospheric conditions:

Pressure and Surface Winds

Upper air circulation

Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones

The earth’s rotation causes the Coriolis force which tends to turn the flow of air.

Jet streams are a narrow belt of high altitude westerly winds that blow in the troposphere.

Climatic Controls

Weather describes the day-to-day meteorological condition such as wind, temperature, cloudiness, moisture, rainfall etc. affecting a place.