Morphology of Flowering Plants – Solutions

1.What is meant by modification of root? What type of modification of root is found in the :
(a) Banyan tree (b) Turnip (c) Mangrove trees
Solution:
There are two types of primary root systems in plants – Tap root and Fibrous root. The roots that arise from parts of the plant other than the radical are called adventitious roots. The main function of the roots is to absorb water and minerals from the soil. However, roots also get modified to perform various other functions, like storage of food material, support, respiration etc. this is called modification of roots.
(a)Banyan tree
In the banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis), in addition to the main root, there develop massive pillar-like adventitious roots arising from the aerial part of the stem. These roots grow towards the ground and provide support to the tree. Such roots are called prop roots.
(b)Turnip
The roots of the turnip (Brassica rape) are swollen and meant for the storage of food. Such roots are known as tuberous roots.
(c)Mangrove tree
Mangrove plants grow in marshy areas.