Solutions – Notes

Types of Solutions
A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more chemically non-reacting substances whose composition can be varied within certain limits.
The component that is present in a smaller quantity is known as the solute.
The component that is present in a larger quantity is known as the solvent.
A solution has the same physical state as the solvent.

Ways of Expressing Concentration
The concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution.
The mole fraction of a component in a solution is defined as the ration of the number of moles of that component to the total number of moles of all components in the solution.
Mass by mass percentage, parts per million, mole fraction and molality are independent of temperature, whereas molarity, volume percentage and mass by volume percentage are functions of temperature.

Solubility of a Solid in Liquid
Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specified amount of solvent at a specific temperature.